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The Castle of Paderne ((ポルトガル語:Castelo de Paderne)) is a 12th-century fortification located in the civil parish of Paderne, municipality of Albufeira, in the Portuguese Algarve. Built from the coast in the second half of the 12th century by the Berbers, it is just from the resort town of Albufeira, along a bend in the Quarteira River. It is believed to be one of the original castles that occupy the shield of the Portuguese national flag. ==History== Around the middle of the 2nd century, the Roman conquered the primitive Lusitanian castro, which had developed between Neolithic and Cacholithic. The settlement was transformed into a military outpost and, eventually, politico-administrative centre named ''Paderne'' or ''Paderna''.〔H. Catarino (1994), p.73–87〕 Its location on a rocky peninsular bend was of strategic importance, as it controlled the ancient Roman road ''Via Lusitanorum'' crossing the Quarteira River on the south. The Roman villa was conquered by the Moors by 713.〔 On this site, the Almohads constructed a fortification.〔 Concerned with advancing Christian armies from the north, the Almohads began an intensive period of military construction and fortification in the Algarve (in Paderne, Faro, Loulé and Silves and many other locations). The depopulation of the Muslim countryside, caused by Christian raids, while avoiding outright conflict, resulted in the construction of these type of fortifications, which were used secure relative safety for their citizens in the interior of the Algarvean Barrocal (mountains).〔 In 1189 the castle (Silves) was conquered by the armies of King Sancho I with the help of English-Christian mercenaries during a continuous night raid. In 1191 Muslim forces of the Almohad dynasty under the command of Caliph Abu Yusuf Ya’qub al-Mansur recaptured the castle and surrounding lands. In 1248, D. Paio Peres Correia took the castle for the Crown of Portugal, during the reign of Afonso III.〔 The forces of Peres Correia massacred all its inhabitants within Paderne castle. It was shortly after these events that a chapel was built: it is believed that the structure was built on the ruins of the mosque (typical of Christian Reconquesta tactics). Following a series of restorations, King Denis of Portugal donated the castle to the Master of the Order of Avis, D. Lourenço Anes, as an attempt to make it a viable military and economic centre.〔〔 But these attempts were tentative and, nonetheless, futile. Owing to its isolation and state of ruin, in 1858, the castle was abandoned and its hermitage (local parish church, dedicated to ''Nossa Senhora da Assunção'') was deactivated.〔〔 On 10 March 1998, the fort and dependencies were transferred to ''Instituto Português do Património Arquitectónico'' (IPPAR), the Portuguese Institute of Architectural Patrimony.〔 The IPPAR contracted the company Terracarta in order to create a three-dimensional design of the property.〔 Further, the monument and terrains were purchased by the institute for 29.000.000$00 escudos.〔 A public tender was issued on 29 January 2002, under PROAlgarve, for the ''Recuperation of the Castle of Paderne'', under the auspices of the IPPAR. The candidate entity was responsible for the recuperation of the walls, in taipa, the archaeological study and museological assessment of the site, including the old dependencies within the courtyard, the drainage of the monument, and lastly, the consolidation of the ruins of the Hermitage of Nossa Senhora da Assunção. Archaeological excavations completed at the time unearthed remnants of dwellings and roadways within the castle compound, as well as the remains of a sophisticated sewage system and vestiges of a water supply network (that included cisterns and water channels). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Castle of Paderne」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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